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来源：佰家富app网址2024-08-05 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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台当局新行政团队“绿色大风吹”，网友：换汤不换药******

　　据台湾媒体报道，台行政管理机构将于31日进行新旧团队交接。苏贞昌接任者陈建仁已启动新团队人员更替，目前班底已大致确定。

　　从已公布的名单来看，桃园市前市长郑文灿将与陈建仁搭档出任正副负责人，行政团队新面孔包括文化事务主管部门负责人史哲、台北故宫博物院院长萧宗煌等，留任成员则包括数位发展事务主管部门负责人唐凤、教育事务主管部门负责人潘文忠、交通事务主管部门负责人王国材、农业事务主管部门负责人陈吉仲等。

陈建仁与郑文灿。中时新闻网

　　陈建仁称，稳健衔接政务、扩大世代合作、增加女性成员，是此次组建团队的原则，用人唯才、适才适所，要让更多愿意为台湾做事的人尽其才。

　　对此，岛内民众并不买账，舆论直批新团队人事调整无异于“旧酒装新瓶”“换汤不换药”。

　　陈建仁何许人也？

　　陈建仁给人以“学界清流”的印象，曾任台湾大学公共卫生研究所所长等职。他的父亲出身中国国民党地方派系，曾任高雄县县长。陈水扁执政时期，陈建仁便和蔡英文在行政机构共事。2015年，他以无党籍身份与蔡英文搭档参选台湾地区正、副领导人，2016年成为台湾地区第一位无党籍的副领导人。

　　2019年，面对“务实台独工作者”赖清德的突袭式挑战，陈建仁宣布不争取竞选连任，次年任期届满后卸任，并于2021年底申请加入民进党，被视为蔡英文的“心腹”。

　　在行事方面，陈建仁以“中立温和”的学者身份自居。在镜头前总面带笑容，语气平和，岛内有媒体称其为暖男、“大仁哥”。他曾表示自己醉心于研究，对政治没有兴趣。对于此次人事调整，他宣称期许组建“温柔坚韧”的团队。

　　不过，岛内不乏针对陈建仁的批评。2007年其担任台湾科技发展部门负责人时，共同挂名的论文疑似抄袭，为此请辞。新冠疫情中，其盲目为“高端疫苗”站台而被称为“高端圣骑士”。此外，岛内有声音认为，陈建仁缺乏从政经验，恐难应对复杂的党内派系斗争及棘手的民生问题。

　　人事调整or政治妥协？

　　对于苏贞昌请辞，岛内舆论分析，这极可能是其从政生涯的最后一程。其任内台湾物价飞涨、民众薪水倒退、贫富差距拉大，而苏贞昌团队行事作风却蛮横傲慢，引发民众极大不满。

　　2022年底，民进党在台湾地区“九合一”选举中失利，民进党党内及民众皆对苏贞昌愈发不满。随着接连补选的败北，普发现金的“保卫战”失效，苏贞昌不得不下台走人。

　　岛内舆论认为，从苏贞昌的辞职时机及已公布的人选名单来看，民进党内部存在诸多派系与权位算计。陈吉仲、薛瑞元、王美花、林右昌等多位行政团队成员都有“黑历史”。此波人事安排并非以专业及经济优先，可说是派系平衡下的妥协名单，遑论“用人唯才”。当前岛内“党”“政”貌合神离，相关调整只是为避免“政治跛脚”而作出的挣扎。

　　台湾《联合报》认为，陈建仁行政经历有限，学者性格处理政务明显难大破大立，用陈建仁接替苏贞昌，便于将行政资源在“2024大选年”笼络牵制党内各派系，并掌握接班人团队。